Hermes Trismegistus and the Hermetic Writings
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Ties and Similarities

Hermeticism contains a number of elements which are remarkably similar to those found in other religious and philosophical traditions of the Hellenistic world, so much so that one source describes it by saying, "Take Plato, the Stoics, Philo, Catholic Christianity, Gnosticism, Neo-Platonism, and Neo-Pythagoreanism, mix them well up together, throwing in a strong flavour of ancient Egypt, and the result will be a brew something like Hermes Trismegistus as we have him" (Stock, 626). Others are not quite so flippant in their descriptions, but it is obvious that Hermeticism is extremely syncretistic (Martin, 146), blending together elements of many Hellenistic traditions. As seems to be the case with nearly everything about Hermeticism, exploring all of the ties and similarities to other traditions would be an exhausting project, but a few examples of congruence with major systems should be sufficient evidence of the phenomenon:

  • Neoplatonism: Hermeticism probably has more in common with Neoplatonism than with any other single system, and came out of the same background philosophically (Greer, "An Introduction to the Corpus Hermeticum"). The Hermetic view of reality, with its mind/matter dualism and separation of the cosmos into "levels" of reality, with a divine Intellect at the top and base, "reason-less" matter at the bottom, is one major example of a Neoplatonic idea which appears in the Hermetic system.
  • Egyptian religion: Evidence of Egyptian influence on the Hermetic texts has already been mentioned, and the Hermetic writings contain some very distinctly Egyptian views, such as the inhabiting of cult statues by the spirit of the god, and there are literary forms in the texts similar to traditional Egyptian father/son dialogues (Mahé, 290).
  • Judaism: There are interesting similarities between certain Hermetic and Jewish texts, especially in apocalyptic talk (Mahé, 290), and the practice of a communal meal and some other beliefs of ascetic Hermetic communities are very similar to those found in some branches of Judaism (Mahé, 291).
  • Mystery cults/Mithraism: The Hermetic view of Fate is very similar to that which we found in our studies of mystery cults and Mithraism earlier in the semester, where Fate or destiny is an all-controlling force in life, and each human being is bound to his or her own destiny, but through the cult can achieve freedom from this bondage and obtain a new Fate and a new destiny. Also, the style of certain Hermetic texts like the Poemander is slightly reminiscent of the mystery cults and especially of the Mithras Liturgy, in the form of revelation and the mythological elements used to explain the doctrine of the cult.
  • Early Christianity: Some of the philosophical descriptions, especially in the Poemander where a "Logos" or son of the divine Intellect/God (Martin, 148) comes into the world, are highly reminiscent of descriptions found in the Gospels. In fact, this and certain other phrases have led at least one scholar to hint that this description dates the Poemander to the third or fourth century CE (Stock, 628). Some others, however, believe the similarities are not as strong, saying that the resemblance is "only skin-deep" (Stock, 628) or that "the doctrines show little resemblance to Christianity" (Parrish, 334).